Abstract IAC Herculândia is a Coffea canephora cultivar multiresistant to Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, and M. paranaensis to be used as a rootstock for Coffea arabica cultivars. It is a synthetic cultivar resulting from recombination among the clonal cultivars IAC WG, IAC FEBS, IAC PM, IAC LCCBF, and IAC ARM.

Abstract The present study aimed to screen genotypes for the presence/absence of lipoxygenases and to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics of lipoxygenase-free genotypes. Progenies derived from the cross between the cultivars IAC PL-2 (with lipoxygenases) and BRS 213 (lipoxygenase-free) generated 114 inbred lines in the F6/7 generation, evaluated by the qualitative colorimetric method, to verify the presence/absence of lipoxygenase isoenzymes L-1, L-2 and L-3. Eight triple-null (lipoxygenase-free) lines were confirmed by visible spectrophotometry. Progenitors and triple-null lines IAC 10-0003-1, IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0012, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046, IAC 10-0107-1 and IAC 10-0115-2 were analyzed to assess their contents of protein, oil, phytic acid, tannins, total phenols and total flavonoids. Analyses showed significant differences in protein (from 38.80% to 41.89%) and oil (from 18.86% to 22.88%), consistent with the values observed in commercial soybean cultivars. The new triple-null lines, compared to the BRS 213 standard, showed lower contents of soluble condensed tannins; lower phytic acid in line IAC 10-0043 and greater amount of total phenols in line IAC 10-0115-2; whereas, the lines IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046 e IAC 10-0107-1 stood out with higher values of total flavonoids. The new lines will be potentially useful parents for genetic breeding and for a multiline strategy, aiming at greater phenotypic stability of lipoxygenase-free soybeans for human consumption.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo selecionar genótipos quanto à presença/ausência das lipoxigenases, além de avaliar as características fitoquímicas dos genótipos com ausência das lipoxigenases. Progênies oriundas do cruzamento entre as cultivares IAC PL-2 (com lipoxigenases) e BRS 213 (sem lipoxigenases) geraram 114 linhagens na geração F6/7, avaliadas pelo método qualitativo colorimétrico, para constatar a presença/ausência das isoenzimas lipoxigenases L-1, L-2 e L-3. Foram confirmadas por espectrofotometria na região do visível oito linhagens triplo-nulas (sem lipoxigenases). Os progenitores e as linhagens triplo-nulas IAC 10-0003-1, IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0012, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046, IAC 10-0107-1 e IAC 10-0115-2 foram analisados para aferir seus teores de proteína, óleo, ácido fítico, taninos condensados solúveis, fenóis totais e flavonoides totais. As análises apontaram diferenças significativas nos teores de proteínas (38,80% a 41,89%) e de óleo (18,86% a 22,88%), coerentes com os valores observados em cultivares comercializados de soja. As novas linhagens triplo-nulas, comparativamente ao padrão BRS 213, apresentam menores teores de taninos condensados, menor presença de ácido fítico na linhagem IAC 10-0043 e maior presença de fenóis totais na linhagem IAC 10-0115-2, enquanto as linhagens IAC 10-0010-1, IAC 10-0010-2, IAC 10-0043, IAC 10-0046 e IAC 10-0107-1 se destacam com valores superiores de flavonoides totais. As novas linhagens serão parentais potencialmente úteis para melhoramento genético e para uma estratégia de multilinhas, visando à maior estabilidade fenotípica de soja sem lipoxigenases, para alimentação humana.

RESUMO Na época do plantio de milho safrinha ocorre maior instabilidade climática, com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de períodos de déficit hídrico. Este é um dos fatores que mais causa redução na produtividade de grãos de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar genótipos de milho tolerantes ao déficit hídrico, estáveis e responsivos à irrigação. Avaliaram-se 26 híbridos intervarietais convencionais de milho, em experimentos realizados em Mococa/SP e Tatuí/SP, no Instituto Agronômico. Em cada local foram conduzidos dois ensaios, um sob condições de irrigação e outro sob estresse hídrico, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 3 repetições. Foram avaliados: florescimentos masculino e feminino, alturas da planta e de espiga, peso hectolítrico, peso de cem grãos e produtividade de grãos. Foi realizada análise de variância conjunta e a estabilidade foi analisada pelo GGEBiplot. Observaram-se efeitos de genótipos e local significativos para todas as características e efeitos significativos da interação genótipos x locais, exceto para altura de espiga e florescimento masculino. Já o efeito de condições hídricas foi significativo para a maioria dos caracteres, fato essencial para a viabilidade do trabalho. As características mais afetadas pelo déficit hídrico foram florescimento masculino, altura de plantas e de espigas e a produtividade de grãos. Os híbridos F2 BM709 x PopTol 2, IAC 46 x PopTol 2, F2 30K75 x PopTol 3 e F2 BM709 x PopTol 3 são considerados ideótipos por apresentarem elevada produtividade, plasticidade fenotípica e tolerância à seca, podendo ser indicados para programas de melhoramento genético visando tolerância à seca.

ABSTRACT In the period of planting of second-season maize, there is high climatic instability with greater probability of occurrence of water deficit. This is one of the factors that most cause reduction in maize grain yield. In this context, the aim was to identify stable, irrigation-responsive and drought-tolerant maize genotypes. The experiments were conducted in Mococa / SP and Tatuí / SP, at Instituto Agronômico, in two assays, one under full irrigation conditions and the other under water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 3 replicates. Male flowering, female flowering, plant height, ear height, hectoliter weight, one hundred grain weight and grain yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of variance and stability analysis were performed by the GGEBiplot method. Significant genotype and site effects were observed for all traits. Significant effects of genotype x site interaction were found for all traits except ear height and male flowering. The characteristics most affected by water deficit were male flowering, plant and ear heights and grain yield. Genotypes F2 BM709 x PopTol 2, IAC 46 x PopTol 2, F2 30K75 x PopTol 3 and F2 BM709 x PopTol 3 are considered ideotypes because of their high grain yield, phenotypic plasticity and drought tolerance.

Abstract IAC Nuance and IAC Tigre are special common bean cultivars for consumption in Brazil and for international markets. IAC Nuance has a 75-day cycle, with cranberry type rajado (streaked/dappled) bean seeds. IAC Tigre has 85-day cycle, a cream-colored seed coat with brown specks (pinto bean type). These cultivars are moderately resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and bacterial wilt.

Abstract IAC 1849 Polaco is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige/cream-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, 75-day mean maturity , semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed darkening, mean 1000-seed weight of 240 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and mean seed yield of 2464 kg ha-1 obtained in 18 experiments.

Abstract IAC 1850 is a common bean cultivar with a carioca (beige-colored with brown stripes) seed coat, average cycle of 88 days, semi-upright plant architecture, tolerance to seed coat darkening, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams, resistance to the main diseases in common bean, and a high average yield (2,857 kg ha-1) obtained in 36 experiments conducted in different regions in Brazil.

Abstract The cultivar IAC Catuaí SH3 was developed by the pedigree method, from the recombination of the coffee tree H 2077-2-5-46, of the Catuaí Vermelho germplasm, with accession IAC 1110-8, from the exotic cultivar BA10. Cultivar IAC Catuaí SH3 is high-yielding, resistant to coffee leaf rust and tolerant to drought.

Abstract IAC Sintonia, new common bean cultivar, was developed to incorporate moderate resistance to the main pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum allied to great grain yield observed, 5,750.00 kg ha-1. IAC Sintonia has semi-upright architecture and indeterminate growth habit (Type II), cycle is around 90 days and, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams.

Abstract Cultivar IAC Obatã 4739 was derived from a cross between coffee tree IAC 1669-20-1 and cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62. It is short and high-yielding, rust-resistant, has large and yellow fruits, medium to late maturation, excellent cup quality, and responds effectively to irrigation.

Abstract IAC 125 RN was derived from a cross between the coffee cultivar Villa Sarchí and the Hibrido de Timor CIFC 832/2. The coffee trees are short and resistant to races 1 and 2 of the nematode Meloidogyne exigua and to all races of coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix, present in Brazil. Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to present a survey of vulnerabilities and to suggest approaches for the treatment of rare diseases according to the perceptions of a group of affected individuals, patient association representatives and health care professionals. METHODS: The focus group technique was used in interviews with patients and primary caregivers, patient support groups/non-governmental organizations, primary health care professionals and physician specialists. RESULTS: The transcript analysis focused on thematic units, which were tailored to each group and allowed comparisons in search of concordant views. Unanimity was observed in relation to the physical, emotional and social damage to the life standards of the affected individuals and their families as a result of illness. The Brazilian health system was unanimously classified as inadequate to respond to the needs of patients with rare diseases, and this inadequacy led to unpleasant experiences, such as the seemingly endless referrals among health services to reach a final diagnosis and develop a treatment plan. CONCLUSIONS: The complex set of health system requirements necessary to support the care of patients with rare diseases represents an obstacle to successfully meeting the needs of patients and their families. Therefore, it is important to develop specific public policies to create referral services, guarantee access to appropriate therapeutic modalities and incorporate technologies that promote research for developing new, affordable therapies.

RESUMO. No Brasil, há uma escassez de cultivares e de estudos genéticos para programas de melhoramento de milhos especiais. Este trabalho teve por objetivos identificar híbridos promissores de milho branco quanto à produtividade e rendimento de canjica e estimar parâmetros genéticos dos genitores e a heterose. Na safra de 2012/13, quinze híbridos obtidos por dialelo completo, seis genitores e uma testemunha comercial foram avaliados quanto aos caracteres: florescimento feminino (FF), altura de espiga (EH), massa de grãos (GY), comprimento de espiga (EL), massa volumétrica (VM) e rendimento de canjica (GP), em dois locais do estado de São Paulo sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Efetuaram-se análises de variância e dialélica pelo modelo de Gardner e Eberhart. As populações P3 e P6 destacaram-se por reunir estimativas de efeitos de genitores e de heterose de variedades promissoras para os caracteres estudados, podendo ser utilizados para obtenção de linhagens e formação de compostos. Detectaram-se híbridos promissores para o mercado de milho branco. Para GP os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças, inferindo a necessidade da introdução de novas fontes de germoplasma.

ABSTRACT. In Brazil, there is a shortage of white maize cultivars and genetic studies for special maize breeding programs. This study aimed to identify populations and promising hybrid white maize for main agronomic traits and grits processing and to estimate the genetic parameters of parents and heterosis. In the 2012/13 growing season, fifteen hybrids were obtained by complete diallel crosses, and six parental and commercial check varieties were evaluated for: female flowering (FF), ear height (EH), grain yield (GY), ear length (EL), volumetric mass (VM) and grits processing (GP) in two locations in São Paulo State, Campinas and Mococa, using a randomized block design. Analyses of variance were carried out, and diallel crosses were performed using the Gardner and Eberhart model. The populations P3 and P6 stood out because of the estimated effects of the parents and of heterosis; the studied characters are promising for obtaining new lines and forming composites. For GP, the treatments showed no differences, implying the need to introduce new sources of germplasm.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as representações de pediatras sobre as alternativas alimentares adotadas quando o desmame se torna inevitável. Métodos: Estudo transversal qualiquantitativo, analítico e com amostragem probabilística. Foram sorteados 57 pediatras, que participaram de uma entrevista com o uso de um roteiro semiestruturado para a análise temática. Foi utilizada a técnica de evocações livres, e os termos foram processados pelos softwares EVOC 2005. Estabeleceram-se as categorias temáticas no software NVivo 10, e sua matriz de coocorrência foi exportada e analisada pela hierarquia de similaridade simples no software CHIC. Resultados: Nas representações dos pediatras, o leite integral foi evocado como um alimento com alto risco alergênico (35,1%) e nutricionalmente inadequado, e não se recomenda seu uso quando o desmame ocorre abaixo de 1 ano de idade. A fórmula infantil, referida por 98,3% dos pediatras como melhor opção no momento do desmame, foi evocada por 38,1%, em função de sua adequação de nutrientes. Os pontos desfavoráveis para o emprego da fórmula foram: o preço, a possibilidade de alergia e o risco da falta de critério na utilização de um produto altamente industrializado. Conclusões: As representações dos pediatras sugerem que eles estão sensíveis à importância do aleitamento materno e, ao mesmo tempo, às dificuldades socioculturais inerentes a essa prática. De modo geral, os pediatras entrevistados orientam o uso de fórmulas lácteas, e não o leite de vaca integral, se o desmame ocorre antes do fim do primeiro ano de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze pediatricians’ representations on the nutritional alternatives that are adopted when weaning becomes inevitable. Methods: This is a mixed cross-sectional analytical study with probabilistic sampling. Fifty-seven randomly selected pediatricians were interviewed with the use of a semi-structured script for thematic analysis. The technique of free evocations was used, and the terms were processed using software EVOC 2005. The thematic categories were established on software NVivo10, and their co-occurrence matrix was exported and analyzed in terms of their simple similarity hierarchy on software CHIC. Results: In the pediatricians’ representations, whole milk was cited as a foodstuff with high allergenic risk (35.1%) and nutritionally inappropriate, and they did not recommend its use if weaning occurred before 1 year of age. The infant formula, referred by 98.3% of the pediatricians as the best alternative at the moment of weaning, was cited by 38.1% of them owing to its nutritional adequacy. The points quoted as unfavorable to the use of the formula were the price, the possibility of causing allergy and the risk of the inadequate use of such a highly industrialized product. Conclusions: The pediatricians’ representations show that they are sensitive to the importance of breast-feeding and at the same time, to the sociocultural difficulties inherent in the practice. Generally speaking, the interviewed pediatricians recommend the use of milk formulas, and not of whole cow’s milk, if weaning occurs before the end of the first year of life.

RESUMO Em experimentos de campo e sob ocorrência natural do patógeno, 18 genótipos de algodoeiro, compreendendo cultivares e linhagens, foram avaliados quanto à reação à incidência de mancha de alternária, causada por (Alternaria macrospora Zimm). Foi observada alta diversidade genética da resistência ao patógeno, detectando-se a formação de quatro grupos de resposta à doença, em ambiente onde esta ocorreu com maior intensidade. Diferenças quanto à estabilidade fenotípica da resistência também foram verificadas, havendo genótipos estáveis, portanto de desempenho previsível, tanto entre o material resistente quanto no suscetível. É ressaltada, especialmente, a existência de genótipos instáveis, cujo desempenho inconsistente, conforme a intensidade de ocorrência da doença, podem levar a equívocos com respeito ao seu grau de resistência.

ABSTRACT In field experiments and under natural occurrence of the pathogen, 18 cotton genotypes, comprising cultivars and lineages, were evaluated for their reaction to Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria macrospora Zimm. High genetic diversity of resistance to the pathogen was observed, and four groups of reaction to the disease were detected in the environment where the disease showed greater intensity. Differences in the phenotypic stability of resistance were also found, and there were stable genotypes, i.e. of expected performance, both in the resistant and in the susceptible material. It must be emphasized that the existence of unstable genotypes of inconsistent performance, according to the intensity of the disease occurrence, can lead to errors with respect to their resistance degree.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze maternal conceptions about excess weight in infancy and the nutritional status of their preschool-aged children. METHODS: A mixed, exploratory study was performed using semi-structured interviews. Two study groups were defined: a group of 16 mothers of children with excess weight and a group of 15 mothers of eutrophic children. The interviews were submitted to content analysis using CHIC software (Classification Hiérarchique Implicative et Cohésitive¯). RESULTS: The mothers of children with excess weight tended to conceive thin children as malnourished, while those of normal weight children emphasized the influence of family and genetics as determinants of a child’s nutritional status. Although there was a certain consensus among the mothers that an unhealthy diet contributes to the risk of a child developing excess weight, the concept of genetics as a determinant of a child’s nutritional status was also present in the dialogue from the mothers of both groups. This result indicates a lack of clarity regarding the influence of eating behavior and family lifestyle on weight gain and the formation of a child’s eating habits. Both groups indicated that the mother has a decisive role in the eating habits of her child; however, the mothers of children with excess weight did not seem to take ownership of this concept when addressing the care of their own children. CONCLUSION: Differences in conceptions, including taking ownership of care, may contribute to the development of excess weight in preschool-aged children.